United States State, U.S., and Foreign Judicial Decisions

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• The Establishment of Religion
• Government Intervention in Church Controversies
• The Free Exercise of Religion

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1. The Establishment of Religion

   1. A Standing to Sue:
      • Flast v. Cohen (1968)
      • Valley Forge Christian College v. Americans United for Separation of Church and State (1982)
   2. Tax Exemption to Religious Institutiions:
      • Walz v. Tax Commission of the City of New York (1970)
      • Texas Monthly v. Bullock (1989)
      • Hernandez v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue (1989)
      • Davis v. United States (1990)
   3. Sunday Work:
      • McGowan v. Maryland (1961)
      • Braunfeld v. Brown (1961)
      • Thornton v. Caldor (1985)
   4. Religion and Labor Relations:
      • National Labor Relations Board v. Catholic Bishop of Chicago (1979)
      • Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints v. Amos (1987)
   5. Religious Institution Functioning as a Government:
      • Larkin v. Grendel's Den (1982)
      • Kiryas Joel v. Grumet (1994)
   6. Unequal Goverment Treatment of Religious Groups:
      • Larson v. Valente (1982)
   7. Legistlative Chaplains:
      • Marsh v. Chambers (1983)
   8. Religious Symbols on Public Property:
      • Lynch v. Donnelly (1984)
      • Allegheny County v. ACLU of Pittsburgh (1989)
      • Capitol Square Review and Advisory Board v. Pinette (1995)
   9. Government Aid to Religious Institutions or Vocations:
      • Bradfield v. Roberts (1899)
      • Witters v. Washington Department of Services for the Blind (1986)
      • Bowen v. Kendrick (1988)
      • Zobrest v. Catalina Foothills School District (1993)
   10. Religion and Public Education:
       • McCollum v. Board of Education (1948)
       • Zorach v. Clauson (1952)
       • Engel v. Vitale (1962)
       • Abington Township School District v. Schempp (1963)
       • Epperson v. Arkansas (1968)
       • Stone v. Graham (1980)
       • Wallace v. Jaffree (1985)
       • Edwards v. Aguillard (1987)
       • Board of Education v. Mergens (1990)
       • Lee v. Weisman (1992)
       • Lamb's Chapel v. Center Moriches Union Free School District (1993)
       • Rosenberger v. University of Virginia (1995)
       • Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe (2000)
       • Mitchell v. Helms (2000)
       • Good News Club v. Milford Central School (2001)
       • Zelman v. Simmons-Harris (2002)
   11. Government Aid to Church-Related Schools
       • Pierce v. Society of Sisters (1925)
       • Cochran v. Board of Education (1930)
       • Everson v. Board of Education (1947)
       • Board of Education v. Allen (1968)
       • Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971)
       • Tilton v. Richardson (1971)
       • Committee for Public Education and Religious Liberty v. Nyquist (1973)
       • Mueller v. Allen (1983)
       • Aguilar v. Felton (1985)
       • Grand Rapids School District v. Ball (1985)

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2. Government Intervention in Church Controversies

   • Baker v. Nachtrieb (1856)
   • Speidel v. Henrici (1887)
   • Watson v. Jones (1892)
   • Order of St. Benedict v. Steinhauser (1914)
   • United States v. Ballard (1944)
   • Kedroff v. Saint Nicholas Cathederal (1952)
   • Presbyterian Church in the United States v. Mary Elizabeth Blue Hull Memorial Presbyterian Church (1969)
   • Maryland & Virginia Eldership of Churches of God v. Church of God at Sharpsburg, Inc. (1970)
   • Serbian Eastern Orthodox Diocese for the United States of America and Canada v. Milivojevich (1976)
   • Jones v. Wolf (1979)
   • Little v. First Baptist Church, Crestwood (1986)

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3. The Free Exercise of Religion

   1. The Mormon Cases
      • Reynolds v. United States (1878)
      • Davis v. Beason (1890)
   2. The Jehovah's Witnesses Cases
      • Cantwell v. Connecticut (1940)
      • Jones v. Opelika I (1942)
      • Jones v. Opelika II (1943)
      • Murdock v. Pennsylvania (1943)
      • Minersville School District v. Gobitis (1940)
      • West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette (1943)
      • Cox v. New Hampshire (1941)
      • Prince v. Massachusetts (1944)
   3. Conscientious Objection to War
      • United States v. Schwimmer (1929)
      • United States v. Macintosh (1931)
      • Hamilton v. Regents of the University of California (1934)
      • Girouard v. United States (1946)
      • United States v. Seeger (1965)
      • Welsh v. United States (1970)
      • Gillette v. United States (1971)
   4. Religion and the Right to Work
      • Sherbert v. Verner (1963)
      • Trans World Airlines v. Hardison (1977)
      • Thomas v. Review Board of Indiana Employment Security Division (1981)
      • Hobbie v. Unemployment Appeals Commission (1987)
      • Frazee v. Illinois Department of Employment Security (1989)
      • Employment Division of Oregon v. Smith (1990)
   5. Religion and the Right to Worship
      • Church of the Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah (1993)
   6. Religious Test for Public Service or Benefits
      • Torcaso v. Watkins (1961)
      • McDaniel v. Paty (1978)
      • Goldman v. Weinberger (1986)
      • Bowen v. Roy (1986)
      • O'Lone v. Estate of Shabazz (1987)
      • Lyng v. Northwest Indian Cemetery Protective Association (1988)
   7. Free Exercise and Public Education
      • Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)
      • Widmar v. Vincent (1981)
   8. Free Exercise and Taxation
      • United States v. Lee (1982)
      • Bob Jones University v. United States (1983)
      • Jimmy Swaggart Ministries v. California Board of Equalization (1990)
   9. Solicitation by Religious Groups
      • Heffron v. International Society for Krishna Consciousness (1981)
      • Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc. v. Village of Stratton (2002)
   10. Religious Objection to Government Regulation
       • City of Boerne v. Flores, Archbishop of San Antonio (1997)